Publikacje
Agro-ecological efficiency of the system of crop fertilization with the use of phytomass residues in the western forest steppe of Ukraine
„Poliovyy V., Snitynskyy V., Hnativ P., Szulc W., Lahush N., Ivaniuk V., Furmanets M., Kulyk S., Balkovskyy V., Poliukhovych M., Rutkowska B. 2021. Agro-ecological efficiency of the system of crop fertilization with the use of phytomass residues in the western forest steppe of Ukraine. J. Elem., 26(2): . DOI: 10.5601/jelem.2021.26.1.2120”
DOI: 10.5601/jelem.2021.26.1.2120
Fertilization of field crops and maintenance of soil fertility only by mineral fertilization does not secure a positive balance and correlation of nutrients and humus in arable farming. In 2009-2018, the stationary field experiment of four-course rotation system (winter rape – winter wheat – grain maize – spring barley) determined efficiency of use of phytomass residues (including application of N10 ammonium nitrate per 1 ton of previous crop straw). The experiment was conducted on dark-grey podzolic soil (Luvic Greyic Phaeozem – WRB (2015) with 1.9% of the humus share, 99 mg kg-1 of nitrogen, which was easily hydrolyzed (by Cornfield), 105 and 71 mg kg-1 of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium (by Kirsanov method) respectively. The work demonstrates agro-chemical and physical-chemical transformations in soil and determines changes in the yield of crops of the rotation system. The use of non-marketable component of the yield of winter wheat, grain maize, spring barley and winter rape (phytomass residues) for fertilization secured replenishment of the soil with 46.0 kg ha‑1 of nitrogen, 7.9 kg ha-1 of phosphorus and 75.5 kg ha-1 of potassium per 1 ha of crop rotation that accounted for 15.9; 15.9 and 37.0% of their total loss respectively. With the combination of mineral fertilizers and by-products, a positive balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was formed – with a balance of 24.4 respectively, 15.1 and 42.7 kg ha-1. Supplementing the mineral system of fertilization with phytomass residues as a fertilizer secured an increase of the number of light-hydrolyzed forms of nitrogen by 5.1%, mobile phosphorus – by 4.6, and exchangeable potassium – 103.5%, as compared to the pure mineral system of fertilization. However, it is necessary to control its physical-chemical properties and to support the reaction of soil solution within the optimal limits.
Słowa kluczowe: fertilizers, soil, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, balance
